Similarly, cell stress, including neoplasms, can involve deregulation of the mevalonate pathway122 and subsequent PAg activation of BNT3A1 in addition to ectopic expression of cell stress markers such as EPCR, MIC and hMSH2, while CD1-family proteins can present endogenous lipids acting as a marker of malignant transformation (CD1c)42 or viral infection (CD1d).123 Interestingly, both CD1d and EPCR are capable of lipid presentation, and both can be recognised by γδ T cell clones regardless of the lipid cargo – thus indicating that both molecules can act as an immunogenic marker per se. This evidence concerns the gene CD1D and viral infectious disease.