Our observations in PCa cells add another level of complexity in terms of PERK signaling effects on proliferation versus apoptosis: Whereas PERK activation and thus eIF2α phosphorylation is downregulated, downstream targets of this pathways, ATF4 and CHOP, were increased at the protein level upon androgen stimulation (Fig2G). This evidence concerns the gene DDIT3 and posterior cortical atrophy.