Diabetic macular edema treatments have changed in recent years after the introduction of intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (ranibizumab, bevacizumab, pegaptanib and the most-recent introduction of aflibercept), corticoids (triamcinolone or dexamethasone), and the sustained delivery fluocinolone acetonide vitreous inserts. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and diabetic macular edema.