TNF and hydrops fetalis: To determine whether pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in the attenuated response of apoA-IV to chronic HF feeding, we performed in vitro study to investigate the effect of human recombinant cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 or their combination on apoA-IV expression in response to the treatment of Linoleic acid (LA, an important dietary fatty acid) in cultured human intestinal Caco2 cells.