MIF and autoimmune disease: MIF deficiency, whether achieved through genetic deletion (MIF−/−) or anti-MIF antibodies (Abs) neutralization, results in inhibiting inflammatory responses in a variety of murine models of human inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, followed by significant reduction of inflammatory cell infiltration and cytokines expressions [22–24], whereas an increased number of skin-infiltrating eosinophils were observed in ovalbumin-sensitized MIF transgenic mice compared with the wild-type [25], further suggesting MIF plays a dominant role in lymphocyte activation and cytokine production.