APC and neoplasm: Chang et al chose APC hypermethylation as an indicator only because the result was statistically significant.41 Other evaluation indicators that were included were allelic imbalances,23 tumor-associated copy number aberrations,43 serum DNA integrity,44 frequent LOH of microsatellite markers in serum,45 genome-wide hypomethylation,43 multi-gene methylation,46 and circulating mitochondrial DNA.47 Because these individual indicators were not used in sufficient numbers of studies, pooled analysis could not be performed.