GAPDH and neoplasm: In human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, colony formation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo are decreased as GAPDH glycolytic enzyme activity is significantly decreased and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) is reduced when GAPDH expression is suppressed by GAPDH antagonist 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) or shRNA18.