We also identified a number of ‘cancer genes'18 as significantly mutated in PDA, including BCLAF1 (5% of cases), IRF6 (4% of cases), FLG (10% of cases), AXIN1 (5% of cases), GLI3 (6% of cases) and PIK3CA (4% of cases). Here, IRF6 is linked to Patent ductus arteriosus.