The mean MIC-1 concentrations in the other PCa patients groups (PSA 2.5–10 ng/ml and PSA > 10 ng/ml) were 1.35 ng/ml and 1.72 ng/ml, respectively, and also significantly higher than normal (P = 0.031 and P < 0.001, respectively) and the Bx-ve group (P = 0.022 and P < 0.001 respectively). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and posterior cortical atrophy.