Although proNGF is better known for its roles in neuronal development, CNS injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, proNGF and NGF are increasingly recognized for their important signaling functions in such diverse organs as retina, brain, pancreas, kidney, thyroid, testes, immune system, and vasculature [30, 31, 46–56]. The gene discussed is NGF; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.