EPO and pure red-cell aplasia: PRCA can develop in patients with PVB19 infection (Kurukulasuriya et al., 2011; Baral et al., 2012), erythropoietin therapy (Casadevall et al., 2002; Macdougall et al., 2012), ABO-incompatible transfusion (Rowley et al., 2011), and stem cell transplantation (Stussi et al., 2009).