However, a recent study indicated that TGF-β1 reduces miR-192 expression in human TECs and deficiency of miR-192 accelerates renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (Krupa et al., 2010), which is further evident by the results from the renal biopsy of diabetic patients with lower level of miR-192 (Wang et al., 2010). Here, TGFB1 is linked to renal fibrosis.