Because accumulation of UBB+1 inhibits proteasomal activity (Van Tijn et al., 2007) and because its occurrence in other brain regions is associated with neuropsychological (Fischer et al., 2009) and behavioral (Irmler et al., 2012) phenotypes, it is likely that the presence of UBB+1-positive cells in the raphe nuclei contribute to the abnormal functioning of the 5-HTergic system in AD, as well as to the affective symptoms commonly diagnosed in AD patients. The gene discussed is UBB; the disease is Alzheimer disease.