Genetic variations of SHANK3, together with those for SHANK2, are strongly associated with diverse brain dysfunctions, including autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) Phelan-McDermid syndrome, schizophrenia, and intellectual disability (Bonaglia et al., 2001, 2011; Durand et al., 2007; Moessner et al., 2007; Berkel et al., 2010; Gauthier et al., 2010; Hamdan et al., 2011; Leblond et al., 2012, 2014; Boccuto et al., 2013; Guilmatre et al., 2014). The gene discussed is SHANK3; the disease is autism spectrum disorder.