SERPINE1 and atherosclerosis: Engagement of RAGE with AGEs elicits intracellular ROS generation and subsequently activates mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling, followed by production of several inflammatory species and profibrotic factors such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), involved in the progression of atherosclerosis [12].