We found that 7 days after the second DC immunization (i.e. day 0, without tumor challenge), the percentages of CD44hiCD8+ effector/memory T cells were enhanced in spleens, and mesentery or inguinal lymph nodes (MLNs or ILNs) from the immunized SKAP55−/− mice, while their surface PD-1 expression was significantly decreased (Fig4B, left panel). Here, SKAP1 is linked to neoplasm.