SKAP1 and neoplasm: Since ADAP and SKAP55 increase integrin activation in TCR-induced ‘inside-out’ signaling (Griffiths et al, 2001; Peterson et al, 2001; Wang et al, 2003; Jo et al, 2005; Kliche et al, 2006), and integrin LFA-1 promotes CD8+ CTL to form killing synapses with tumor cells to enhance lytic ability (Schmits et al, 1996; Franciszkiewicz et al, 2013), we unexpectedly observed that loss of ADAP or SKAP55 in CTLs enhanced anti-tumor immunity.