The spheroid size of cancer stem like CD44+/ESA+ cells delivered from PANC1 (Figure 3C) and PK45 cells (Figure 3D) was significantly reduced by carbon ion beam-alone, or gemcitabine-alone treatment but not by X-ray irradiation alone, and it was extremely heavily decreased after gemcitabine combined with either X-ray or carbon ion beam. This evidence concerns the gene CD44 and cancer.