OSM activity will likely include other cell types in vivo such as lung fibroblasts, which respond to OSM through STAT3 mediation with functions that promote tissue remodeling [56] .The observations that OSM can sensitize HASMC responses to the presence of lower concentrations of several cytokines implicated in asthma suggest a significant contribution to the severity of exacerbations and inflammatory pathology. Here, STAT3 is linked to asthma.