In addition, HL-60 cells treated with benfotiamine for up to 72 hours exhibited no morphological signs of differentiation, such as adhesion to plates or spreading (data not shown), and neither acquired CD14 of CD11c expression on their surfaces (S2 Fig), indicating that the antiproliferative activity of benfotiamine is not associated with the induction of leukemia differentiation. This evidence concerns the gene ITGAX and leukemia.