Interestingly, Tyk2 KO MIP-Tyk2 Tg mice produced IFN-α in the islets □□□□□□□□□□ □□□ □□□□□ □□□□□□, possibly because of high Tyk2 gene expression in pancreatic β-cells, and minimal leukocyte infiltrations on 5 days after infection, escaping from the virus-induced islet β-cell damage (Supplementary Fig. 3a). This evidence concerns the gene IFNA1 and infection.