The expression of ADPNR-1 and ADPNR-2 are decreased both in obese mice and humans, and decreased ADPNRs in obesity can reduce adiponectin sensitivity, which ultimately leads to diminished insulin sensitivity, whereas up-regulating ADPNRs can ameliorate the symptoms of diabetes. The gene discussed is ADIPOQ; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.