The impact of Tat and Nef on osteoclasts, derived from the hematopoietic lineage, remains to be evaluated, as several studies indicate an increased level of resorption markers in HIV-infected patients (Barkhordarian et al., 2011; Haskelberg et al., 2011), emphasizing the role of HIV infection on bone destruction. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is HIV infectious disease.