IGHE and allergic disease: INS is commonly thought to represent a spectrum of podocytopathies that result in increased glomerular permeability and massive proteinuria.27 An elevated IgE level has been widely reported in children with INS.6–14 A recent cohort study also revealed increased incidence and risk of INS in children with AD.22 Allergic disease is a Th2-driven and IgE-mediated chronic inflammation of the target organs.