To determine whether altered TGF-β and IL-6 responses to infection contribute to protection from influenza A virus-induced ALI, we examined the effects of TGF-N and IL-6-N on weight loss, viral replication, and cardiopulmonary function in influenza A/WSN/33 virus-infected mice at 6 d.p.i. We selected this time point because it would allow us to directly compare the downstream effects of treatment with anti-TGF-β at 2 d.p.i. with those of treatment with anti-IL-6 at 4 d.p.i. Postinfection weight loss at 6 d.p.i. did not differ between untreated WT and HET mice (Fig. 3A). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and infection.