ANO1 and prostate carcinoma: Recently, TMEM16A has been found to be upregulated in many tumor types including gastrointestinal stromal tumor, breast cancer, prostate cancer, esophyageal cancer, and head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) [6–9], and overexpression of TMEM16A has been implicated in promoting tumor proliferation [10], migration and invasion [11].