For example, a mutation in the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2, a cytosine to adenine transversion at position nt5178 (C5178A) resulting in a leucine to methionine substitution has been associated with the reduction of the incidence of diseases such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and type 1 diabetes in Japanese patients [14]. Here, MT-ND2 is linked to atherosclerosis.