CD4 and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: These findings provide insights into the mechanism of HTNV-Gn/Gc-specific CD4+T cells in developing an efficient anti-HTNV response in HFRS patients, thereby increasing the current understanding of the relationship between HTNV and the host immune system and evoking strong interest for further studies of T-cell immunity in HTNV infection to guide the development of future clinical therapies.