Compared to HO-1 WT mice, HO-1 KO mice had significantly more alterations in permeability, and higher number of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils as well as more protein in their BAL fluid in the presence of CE, which is consistent with an increase in lung inflammation and permeability (Fig. 7 A, B and C). Here, HMOX1 is linked to cholesteryl ester measurement.