As shown in Fig. 4, immunostaining of E-Cadherin clearly outlined the cell contours with enriched fluorescence along cell membrane in control cells treated with CCM; in cells treated with albumin + CCM, the intensity of immunostaining was reduced and the contour of E-Cadherin staining was discontinuous; in cells treated with albumin + SCM, the contour of E-Cadherin staining was recovered and the intensity of immunostaining was significantly increased compared with that in cells treated with albumin. Here, CDH1 is linked to cerebral cavernous malformation.