AKT1 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: Whole-exome or whole-genome sequencing analysis of IDC [8–10] has found recurrent mutations, including TP53, PIK3CA, AKT1, GATA3 and MAP3K1. Another whole-exome study included pure DCIS, but did not identify any genomic differences between pure DCIS and IDC [10].