SDC1 and fetal growth restriction: Hence, the important role of Sdc-1 in influencing implantation which has been discussed extensively already and the background that the pathophysiology of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction is correlated with an altered Sdc-1 expression on the one hand [12,48,63] and increased placental cell apoptosis on the other [64,65] supports our thesis that Sdc-1 exerts its influence on implantation via regulating ESC apoptosis.