Because of the strong associations between HOXB13, AR and PSA, we extended the analyses to tumor subgroups stratified according to the following criteria 1) cancers with strong PSA staining irrespective of the HOXB13 and AR results (group 1: PSA high), 2) cancers with low (negative to weak) HOXB13 expression or low (negative to moderate) AR expression but low (negative-moderate) PSA expression (group 2: HOXB13 or AR low), and cancers with high (moderate-strong) HOXB13 expression and high (strong) AR expression but low PSA expression (group 3: HOXB13 and AR high, PSA low). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is neoplasm.