These effects appear to be mediated by increased release of the anorexigenic gut hormones GLP-1, GLP-2 and PYY [70,113,114,116,118], by reduced release of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin [114,118-120], and by reducing endotoxemia by way of improved mucosal barrier function, thus reducing levels of inflammatory markers [57,117,121-123]. Here, GCG is linked to serum lipopolysaccharide activity.