IL1B and epilepsy: Moreover, both miR-146a and IL-1β were demonstrated to be up-regulated in astrocytes in epilepsy models28, 31, and IL-1β represents a major pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the induction of miR-146a30, 32, thus it is possible that expression of miR-146a in astrocytes may represent an attempt to modulate the inflammatory response triggered by IL-1β28.