TGFB1 and breast cancer: High serum levels of VEGF-A, IGF-I, IGF-IR and TGF-β1 were significantly associated with a high incidence of recurrence (P<0.001, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively), the presence of distant metastasis (P=0.026, P<0.001, P<0.001 and P=0.02, respectively) in TNBC and non-TNBC patients and lower rate of response (P=0.004, P<0.001, P=0.003 and P<0.001) in metastatic BC patients (Table IV).