Similar results were reported previously by Björndahl et al (43), who suggested that IGF-IR is able to induce metastasis via the regulation of tumor cell survival and proliferation in secondary sites, in addition to the promotion of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis either through direct action on the endothelial cells or by transcriptional regulation of VEGF-A and -C. The gene discussed is IGF1R; the disease is neoplasm.