GAPDH and dysplasia: mRNA expression level (Ndrg2 /Gapdh) in GCs (0.135–2.062, mean=0.749) is markedly reduced as compared to PCHNTs (0.248-1.972; mean=1.367, P<0.05), dysplasia (0.772-2.004; mean=1.755, P<0.05), chronic non-atrophic gastritis (0.786-2.042; mean=1.685, P<0.05), and healthy individuals (1.266-2.041; mean=1.59, P<0.05), respectively (Supplementary Figure 1).