A statistically significant difference was found between wild-type and the ccrp59 mutant at all time points analyzed (data not shown) Furthermore, we confirmed the differences in IL-8 release after infection in a different strain background using H. pylori strain G27 (Fig 4C), and we also compared the IL-8 release of the ccrp59 deletion mutant of G27 with the IL-8 production of a G27 mutant in which the cag-T4SS structural component cagE [51] was deleted (Fig 4B). Here, DDX53 is linked to infection.