Although most of the misclassified samples are close to the decision boundary (black line in Fig. 3), two of the misclassified cases with neurocognitive impairment had very high OSR1/VWF and HAND1/VWF gene ratios; these cases had multiple post-natal complications (specifically, severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia, necrotizing enterocolitis and post-natal sepsis) often associated with neurodevelopmental impairment. Here, HAND1 is linked to bronchopulmonary dysplasia.