Finally, in contrast to the recent publication in CF children [12], bronchiectasis adults without chronic P. aeruginosa infection at baseline who subsequently cultured P. aeruginosa within 12 months did not have significantly higher levels of IL-17A (n = 10) (2.33 (1.11, 4.66) than those who did not (n = 23) (1.51 (1.17, 2.46), 95% CI for median difference -2.69 to 0.8, p = 0.64). The gene discussed is IL17A; the disease is cystic fibrosis.