TNF and metabolic syndrome: Phe was also associated with different components of MetS, but when these associations were adjusted for age, gender, protein intake, RMR, and FI, only associations between Phe and WC (Table 3, Figure 1; r = 0.362, P = 0.006), glucose (Table 3; r = 0.321, P = 0.014), TNF-α (Table 3; r = 0.282, P = 0.035), and HDL-cholesterol (Table 3; r = −0.271, P = 0.038) remained significant.