The stark difference in the posthoc survival analysis of tumor-bearing BRAF-KD and BRAF-FLVE mice (P<0.001) as well as the lower level of P-Erk1 and P-Erk2 (P<0.001) in astrocytes expressing BRAF-KD compared to BRAF-FLVE suggests that the BRAF-KD tumors are less malignant gliomas (Figure 3B, C). This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and malignant glioma.