In this regard, results are presented to (i) show an unexpected level of complexity in how Hop2-Mnd1 associates with RAD51 through contacts on both subunits, (ii) reveal that the same Hop2-Mnd1 domains are involved in DMC1 interaction, (iii) ascertain the relevance of protein complex formation in the RAD51- and DMC1-mediated homologous DNA pairing and strand exchange reaction and (iv) suggest a linkage of ensembles of Hop2-Mnd1 with RAD51 and DMC1 to XX ovarian dysgenesis. This evidence concerns the gene MND1 and 46,XX gonadal dysgenesis.