Another study including patients with human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16)-induced vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, clearly showed that those with larger lesions mounted higher frequencies of HPV16-specific CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells and displayed a lower HPV16-specific IFNγ/IL-10 ratio after vaccination [37], suggesting that high frequency of antigen-specific Tregs is predictive of poor clinical benefit. The gene discussed is FOXP3; the disease is vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia.