Recently, it hase been shown that the PB1 domain-containing adaptor NBR1 functions as an organizer of MEKK3/MKK4, the activators of JNK, in macrophages to regulate JNK activation, ATM M1 activation and adipsoe tissue inflammation in obesity [36]. Here, MAPK8 is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.