Furthermore, rising levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenic and vasoprotective molecule modulated primarily by inflammatory mediators, may also impact collateral formation in CAD patients, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) may impact collateral formation and CAD onset (12,13), although the relationship between these molecules and survivin in PBMCs is unknown. Here, BIRC5 is linked to coronary artery disorder.