By performing immunohistochemical analysis for hBD-1 in clinical specimens of both prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma, Donald et al. found significant cancer-specific downregulation of the peptide in 82% and 90% of prostate cancer and renal cell carcinomas, respectively, while adjacent benign regions were unaffected [25]. The gene discussed is DEFB1; the disease is hereditary clear cell renal cell carcinoma.