Zhang et al. reported that extranuclear ERα stimulated by 17β-estradiol induced Akt phosphorylation and subsequent phosphorylation/inactivation of Rac1, a factor critical for activation of NOX2 NADPH oxidase, decreasing superoxide generation from NOX2 and attenuating oxidative neuronal damage elicited by ischemia in the hippocampal CA1 region [45]. Here, CYBB is linked to ischemia.