In addition, pharmacological inhibition (Sawada et al., 2007) and nanoparticle delivery of an NFκB decoy (Kimura et al., 2009) attenuate pulmonary hypertension in rats, and our previous findings suggest that the beneficial effects of glucocorticoids could be partly mediated through NFκB inhibition (Perez et al., 2014). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.