Likewise, the degradation of α-synuclein via the MVB pathway is conserved from yeast to mammalians (Tofaris et al., 2011), and the protective effect of promoting ubiquitin-dependent endosomal trafficking by NAB was first identified in yeast and later on confirmed in worms, rats, and human PD patient-derived neurons (Chung et al., 2013; Tardiff et al., 2013). The gene discussed is SNCA; the disease is Parkinson disease.