TOX and lung cancer: TOX mRNA and proteins were poorly expressed in peripheral lymphoid tissue.[9,10] In recent years, TOX gene has been proved to be aberrant expressed in various tumors, such as lung cancer, breast cancer and leukemia.[11–14] In addition, recent studies showed that the TOX gene is highly expressed in eMF lesion in comparison to controls.[6] However, the role of TOX in malignancies has not been studied yet.